Billing and Coding: Non-Invasive Vascular Studies

Non-invasive vascular studies are covered when medically necessary under LCD L34045 but each study requires its own order/referral (a single referral does not authorize multiple tests) and coverage is contingent on documented medical necessity. Key requirements: tests must be ordered by the treating or consulting physician, providers must document training/experience, records must justify multiple imaging (e.g., Doppler 93990/G0365 and arteriograms 75790/75820), and follow-up cerebrovascular study intervals are specified by stenosis severity (20–49% annual; 50–79% every 6 months; 80–99% every 6 months if no surgery) with post-endarterectomy repeats at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year (ipsilateral in year one unless contralateral disease/symptoms indicate bilateral studies).