Osteogenic Stimulation

This policy covers electrical (invasive and noninvasive—capacitive coupling, pulsed electromagnetic field, combined magnetic field) and ultrasonic (low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound) osteogenic stimulators to enhance bone healing. It is covered for specified indications such as nonunion of long bones (typically ≥90 days or established nonunion with cessation of healing on serial imaging), failed joint fusion (≥6 months), congenital pseudoarthrosis, adjunctive use in high‑risk or multilevel (≥3) spinal fusion, and fractures at risk of delayed healing due to factors like alcoholism, chemotherapy, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, renal disease, tobacco or steroid use — but only for skeletally mature patients when the bone is not infected, fragment gap is <1 cm, bone ends are stable with appropriate immobilization, serial imaging documents ≥3 months of no healing, and the device is used as an adjunct to conventional care; exclusions include skull/vertebral or tumor‑related nonunions and other specified fresh‑fracture scenarios.