CMM-405: Spinal Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopic guidance (CPT 77003) is covered only for spinal or paraspinal diagnostic or therapeutic injection procedures when image guidance is required and not already included; it is not medically necessary if the criteria, Definitions/General Guidelines are unmet or the patient has a contraindication to X‑ray. Key requirements: documentation must show the procedure is spinal/paraspinal, that needle/catheter placement cannot be adequately performed without image guidance, that imaging guidance isn’t already part of the planned procedure (or that a concomitant X‑ray‑assisted procedure is documented as the primary), and no X‑ray contraindications exist.

"Documentation that the procedure is a spinal or paraspinal (adjacent to the spinal column) diagnostic or therapeutic injection procedure (per: "Performed with a spinal or paraspinal (adjacent to th..."

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