CMM-405: Spinal Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopic imaging guidance for spinal procedures is covered only when performed with a spinal or paraspinal diagnostic or therapeutic injection, when needle/catheter placement cannot be adequately performed without image guidance, and when imaging guidance is not already included in the planned primary procedure; separate billing for guidance included in the primary procedure is excluded as not medically necessary. Documentation must identify the primary procedure requiring X‑ray assistance, confirm no contraindications to X‑ray, and provide clinical rationale that image guidance is required and not included in the primary procedure.

"Imaging guidance is not included in the planned procedure(s)"

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