Electrocardiograms

ECGs are covered when medically necessary to diagnose or manage cardiac or systemic conditions (e.g., ischemia/MI, arrhythmias, hypertrophy, heart failure, pericarditis, drug cardiotoxicity) and for preoperative evaluation when preexisting heart disease or relevant comorbidities exist; serial ECGs are allowable for acute/unstable patients or when needed to guide treatment. Exclusions and key requirements: screening/routine physicals and duplicate/included tracings (e.g., rhythm strips within a 12‑lead) are not payable; payment requires a complete written specialist‑style interpretation for the professional component, physician attendance for emergency ECGs, documentation of medical necessity for home‑based extra payments, and generally only one professional interpretation is paid unless unusual documented need.

"Endocrine abnormalities"

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