Biofeedback as a Treatment of Chronic Pain

This policy addresses biofeedback (including EMG biofeedback) as an outpatient behavioral therapy for chronic pain—typically delivered in individual or group sessions (often 10–20 sessions of ~30–90 minutes) as part of multimodal treatment. It applies to adults with chronic non‑headache pain (e.g., low back, musculoskeletal/psychosomatic pain) with limited pediatric data, but biofeedback for chronic/recurrent pain is considered experimental/investigational and not covered due to insufficient evidence (RCTs show no clear benefit over active controls or sham and long‑term efficacy is unproven).

"Technique to teach self-regulation of involuntary physiologic processes"

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